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第7部分(第1页)

—Epilogue to Beaumont and Fletcher’s Honest Man’s Fortune。

I read the other day some verses written by an eminent painter which were original and not conventional。 The soul always hears an admonition in such lines; let the subject be what it may。 The sentiment they instill is of more value than any thought they may contain。 To believe your own thought; to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men—that is genius。 Speak your latent conviction; and it shall be the universal sense; for the inmost in due time bees the outmost; and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the Last Judgment。 Familiar as the voice of the mind is to each; the highest merit we ascribe to Moses; Plato; and Milton is that they set at naught books and traditions and spoke not what men; but what they thought。 A man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within more than the luster of the firmament of bards and sages。 Yet he dismisses without notice his thought; because it is his。 In every work of genius we recognize our rejected thoughts; they e back to us with a certain alienated majesty。 Great works of art have no more affecting lesson for us than this。 They teach us to abide by our spontaneous impression with good…humored inflexibility then most when the whole cry of voices is on the other side。 Else; tomorrow a stranger will say with masterly good sense precisely what we have thought and felt all the time; and we shall be forced to take with shame our own opinion from another。

There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide; that he must take himself for better; for worse; as his portion; that; though the wide universe is full of good; no kernel of nourishing corn can e to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till。 The power which resides in him is new in nature; and none but he knows what that is which he can do; nor does he know until he has tried。 Not for nothing one face; one character; one fact makes much impression on him; and another none。 This sculpture in the memory is not without preestablished harmony。 The eye was placed where one ray should fall that it might testify of that particular ray。 We but half express ourselves; and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents。 It may be safely trusted as proportionate and of good issues; so it be faithfully imparted; but God will not have his work made manifest by cowards。 A man is relieved and gay when he has put his heart into his work and done his best; but what he has said or done otherwise shall give him no peace。 It is a deliverance which does not deliver。 In the attempt his genius deserts him; no muse befriends; no invention; no hope。

Trust thyself; every heart vibrates to that iron string。 Accept the place the divine providence has found for you; the society of your contemporaries; the connection of events。 Great men have always done so; and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age; betraying their perception that the absolutely trustworthy was seated at their heart; working through their hands; predominating in all their being。 And we are now men and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny; and not minors and invalids in a protected corner; not cowards fleeing before a revolution; but guides; redeemers; and benefactors; obeying the Almighty effort; and advancing on Chaos and the Dark。

。。

培根论真理

'英国'弗兰西斯·培根

真理只能自我判别,教导人们追寻真理,即对真理的追求;对真理的认知,对真理的信仰,也意味着对真理的享受。这三个要素组成了人性中无比高尚的美德。感性之光是上帝创造世界时创造的第一件东西,最后创造的才是理性之光。上帝精神的再现则是安息日。起初,上帝将光明赋予混乱的物质世界,然后用光明悄然地点亮人类的心灵世界;现在他依然把圣光赐予其所恩选的臣民。有一派哲学在其他方面没有什么实际作用,可其中有一位诗人说了一句经典名言:依在海岸边,注视着在大海中飘荡的船帆,是一件快乐的事情;靠在城堡垛口,注视激战中的战场,也是一件快乐的事;但没有什么能赶得上站在真理的前沿(那是一座谁也无法侵占的山岭,那里空气清爽,万籁寂静),观察山谷中的错误、迷茫、薄雾与风暴,那更是叫人欢欣雀跃。并且这种期望的态度是同情,而非自满或自大。的确,假如一个人的想法中满是仁爱,顺应天意,走在真理的前沿,即便生活在人间,也不逊于天堂。前面讲了神学与哲学意义上的真理,现在来讨论一下日常生活中的真理。品格恶劣、精于世故的人,也被迫接受光明正大——人类的一种崇高品德。虚伪如同用金银合金制成硬币,即便可以增大金属的硬度,却贬低了其内在的真正价值。虚伪与欺诈如同弯曲的小路,唯有走路时依靠肚腹而不是双脚的毒蛇,才选择这条道路。假如一个说谎话、背信弃义的人露出了破绽,由此带来的羞耻感是没有办法掩盖的。因此,蒙田在议论“谎言”一词为何如此让人厌恶时,说过这样一句至理明言:“我们不如这样想,一个人说自己在上帝面前肆意妄为,而在凡人面前却很懦弱,这同说谎没有什么区别。”因为谎言可以面对上帝,却不敢面对凡人。当然,在描述虚伪与背信弃义的危害性时,恳求上帝对世世代代的人类进行裁决,他们无疑是最后的警钟。人们预示:耶稣灵魂来到世上后,他在地球上不会找到丝毫信仰。

追寻真理,即对真理的珍爱;认识真理,信仰真理,即是对真理的享受。站在海岸上,观看颠簸于大海之上的船帆,是一种乐趣;站在城堡垛口,观看激战中的战场,也是一种乐趣;但什么也比不上站在真理的前哨,洞察山谷中的谬误、彷徨、迷雾与风暴更令人欢欣。真理已渗透进我们的生活。

Francis Bacon on Truth

Francis Bacon

In this famous essay; first published in 1625; Francis Bacon declares that truth in the philosophical and theological sense; as well as honesty in the civil1 business sense; are the “sovereign2 good of human nature。”

Truth; which only doth judge itself; teacheth that the inquiry of truth; which is the love…making or wooing of it; the knowledge of truth; which is the presence of it; and the belief of truth; which is the enjoying of it; is the sovereign good of human nature。 The first creature of God; in the works of the days; was the light of the sense; the last was the light of reason; and his sabbath3 work ever since is the illumination of his Spirit。 First he breathed light upon the face of the matter or chaos; then he breathed light into the face of man; and still he breatheth and inspireth light into the face of his chosen。 The poet that beautified the sect that was otherwise inferior to the rest saith yet excellently well: It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore and to see ships tossed upon the sea; a pleasure to stand in the window of a castle and to see a battle and the adventures thereof below; but no pleasure is parable to the standing upon the vantage4 ground of truth (a hill not to be manded; and where the air is always clear and serene); and to see the errors and wanderings and mists and tempests in the vale below; so always that this prospect be with pity; and not with swelling or pride。 Certainly; it is heaven upon earth to have a man’s mind move in charity; rest in providence; and turn upon the poles of truth。

To pass from theological and philosophical truth to the truth of civil business: it will be acknowledged even by those that practice it not that clear and round dealing is the honor of man’s nature; and that mixture of falsehood is like alloy in coin of gold and silver; which may make the metal work the better; but it embaseth it。 For these winding and crooked courses are the goings of the serpent; which goeth basely upon the belly; and not upon the feet。 There is no vice that doth so cover a man with shame as to be found false and perfidious5。 And therefore Montaigne said prettily; when he inquired the reason why the word of the lie should be such a disgrace and such an odious charge。 Saith he; If it be well weighed; to say that a man lieth is as much to say as that he is brave toward God and a coward toward men。 For a lie faces God; and shrinks from man。 Surely the wickedness of falsehood and breach of faith cannot possibly be so highly expressed as in that it shall be the last peal to call the judgments of God upon the generations of men; it being foretold that when Christ eth; he shall not find faith upon the earth。

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蜉 蝣(1)

'美国'本杰明·富兰克林

亲爱的朋友,你可记得,上次我们在芍丽磨坊那儿让人愉快的花园中参加社团活动的那天,我曾在散步时独自停留了一会儿,落在了人群的后面。是因为有人指给我们看了一种苍蝇一类的小昆虫的残尸——蜉蝣。据说,它们的生命非常短,在一天时间里,可以生生死死好几代。那天,我碰巧在一片叶子上见到了一群鲜活的蜉蝣,它们看上去正忙着交谈。你是知道的,我几乎能懂得所有低等动物的语言。也许,我对研究它们语言的极大热心却成为我在学习你们美妙语言时少有进步的最好借口了。我好奇地倾听着这些小生物的对话,然而它们却在以自己的方式,三个一群,四个一伙地讨论着,我只能听清其中一部分对话。尽管如此,我还是从那些只言片语中听出,它们正在热烈地争论着两位国外音乐家谁的成就更为杰出。这两位音乐家中一位是蚋先生,另一位是蚊先生。它们热烈地讨论着,似乎忘了生命的短暂,好像可以活一个月之久似的。多么快乐啊!我想:你们一定是在一种贤明公正、宽仁待民的政府之下。因为你们既没有抱怨与牢骚,也没有任何的党派之争,而是在颇有闲情地讨论着外国音乐的完美与不完美之处。我将头转向它们中一个白头发的老者,它独自在另一片叶子上自言自语。我觉得它的独白非常有趣,于是把它们记了下来,并且希望这些话同样博她一笑,算作我对她的报答。因为我已受到好友太多的深情厚意,她的清风明月的风度,她的妙音雅奏,一向使我倾倒不已。

老蜉蝣说:“这是在很久很久以前,一位著名哲人认为:我们这个世界——即芍丽磨坊,其生存时间不会超过18小时。我想,这个观点一定是有所根据的。因为,太阳通过运动赋予了大自然生命,而在我的这个年代里,太阳正在自东往西地移动,明显已经落得很低了,快要沉到我们地球尽头的海洋里去了。太阳必将结束自己的行程,被围绕在我们周围的海水所吞噬,世界变得寒冷与黑暗,万物都将死亡与毁灭。我已活过了七个小时,一段看起来不短的时间,足足有420分钟!我们中很少有人能够如此长寿。我目睹了一代又一代人繁衍生息,寿终正寝。我现在的朋友,都是我儿时伙伴的孩子或孙子,而我那些儿时的伙伴却早已不在了。不久,我也会随他们而去,这是自然的规律。虽然目前我还很健康,但是我并不奢望我还能活上个七八分钟。现在我所有的精力都集中在收集这片叶子上的蜜露上,虽然我生前已不可能享受了。我一直热心的政治斗争也是为了居住在这个灌木丛中的所有我的同胞们的利益;我所作的哲学研究同样也是为了我们整个民族共同的利益。可是在政治上,法律没有道德的配合,政治仍旧不能清明。我们现在这一族蜉蝣必须随时警惕,不然在几分钟内,就可能变得像别的老一些的灌木丛中的蜉蝣那样腐化,万劫不复!在哲学这方面,我们的成就是多么渺小啊!唉!艺术是永恒的,而生命则是有限的。我的朋友们曾这样安慰我,说我活的时间长得足够让我的名字在我死后流芳千古。但是对于一个已死的蜉蝣来说,名声又有什么意义呢?何况到了第18个小时的时候,整个芍丽磨坊将会消亡,世界末日已来临,还谈得上什么历史呢?”

对我来说,经过了对所有渴望的追求,别无乐趣了,唯有想起世间众生,人虫不分,如能长寿而为大众服务,这是可以引为自慰的;其次则听听蜉蝣太太与蜉蝣小姐们的高谈阔论,或者说偶然从那可爱的白夫人那里,得到巧笑一顾,或者是婉歌一曲,我的暮年也得到安慰了。

就像这只蜉蝣所说,“艺术是永恒的,而生命则是有限的”,那何不在这短暂的生命中将事情尽量做到完美呢? 。 想看书来

蜉 蝣(2)

The Ephemera

Benjamin Franklin

You may remember; my dear friend; that when we lately spent that happy day in the delightful garden and sweet society of the Moulin Joly; I stopped a little in one of our walks; and stayed some time behind the pany。 We had been shown numberless skeleto

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